WORKSHOP ON SIMPLE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN INFECTIOUS DIEASES

TOPICS TAKEN UNDER THE ID WORKSHOP

Water Analysis - Rapid and standard methods:

Water analysis for coliform bacilli to determine sewage contamination and quality of drinking water supply.
The method taught was multiple tube test using single and double strength macconkey broth. For interpretation, the mccrady 's table was utilized to differentiate quality of water in terms of coliform count.
Biphasic Media for blood culture:

This is a better alternative method to a routinely used monophasic blood culture method.
Media preparation, inoculation and culture follow-up was demonstrated to all participants.
Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) Medium:

This is a specially designed media for urine culture.We demonstrated how to prepare, inoculate and read the colony morphology to all participants.
Stool Microscopy:

We demonstrated four different methods for identification of intestinal parasitic ova and cysts.
     Lactophenol cotton blue wet mount
     KOH (10%) wet mount
     Modified Acid fast stain(1%) for Isospora,Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora etc.
     Safranine Methylene blue technique
Identification of candida species :

Candida species was identified by
     Colony morphology on Corn Meal Agar
     Lactophenol cotton blue wet mount Germ tube test
     Growth characteristics on sabourads dextrose broth
      Sugar fermentation and assimilation test Slide culture
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:

Because of the high prevalence of drug resistance in the communityas well in Hospitals, we gave prime importance to teach all participants different methods for AST, their standardization and related issues.
     AST by Kirby-Bauer method
     Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by Agar dilution technique E-Test for MIC determination
     Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production
Fontana staining and Dark Field Microscopy for Leptospires:

Leptospirosis is a emerging disease in south Gujarat mainly in Surat District.
As Leptospires are not stained by routine staining technique, we use special stains like Fontana stain based on principle of silver impregnation. Alternative to Fontana stain is dark field microscopy in which we demonstrated Leptospiral motility.
3% KOH test :

This is an alternative method to Gram stain to differentiate Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria whenever doubt exist about Gram reaction.Gram negative bacteria gives string formation(positive reaction) while no string (negative reaction) observed in Gram positive bacteria.
Modified India Ink preparation for demonstration of Cryptococcus Neoformans:

We add Chromium Mercury(2%) to the conventional India ink for better visualization of C. Neoformans in CSF for diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis.
DNAse test for identification of Staphylococcus Aureus:

This is an alternative method for the coagulase test.S.Aureus gives positive DNAse test on DNA medium while other staphylococci gives negative test.

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